If you think the roads you’re driving on seem worse than usual this winter, you’re probably right.The waves of snowstorms in much of the country have exhausted supplies of rock salt, the main tool that road crews use to melt ice and snow. Even areas with vast quantities of salt underground are having a hard time getting it onto their streets this year.
When Milwaukee fights road ice with cheese brine, New Jersey breaks out the pickle juice and New York, a major salt producer, declares a salt shortage, you know you’ve got a widespread problem.
Last week, after a big storm hit Wichita, Kan., busy streets were still snow-packed and icy slick days later.
Lindsey Durham, a Wichita middle school teacher, stood in the snow next to her dented car, describing one of many fender benders there.
“The streets were so covered in a layer of ice and snow, though it hadn’t snowed in two days,” she says.
Wichita’s deputy public works director, Joe Pajor, is just as frustrated. They didn’t have salt on-hand and had to rely heavily on a sand mixture instead.
The city’s got no end of sand at the public works yard, but that won’t melt the snow. For that you need salt. There’s stronger stuff, such as magnesium chloride or beet juice, but salt is usually much cheaper. And Wichita is just down the road from Hutchinson, a town that calls itself "Salt City."
“The salt has been in Hutchinson for 242 million years,” says Pajor. “Now our challenge was last week, getting it 60 miles from Hutchinson to Wichita.”
That’s no easy process.
Miners drop 650 feet down to the base of the salt seam, where beams of light from their headlamps cut trough white dust. They go after walls of rock salt with explosives, drills and enormous grinders. These miners and machines can claw out about 3,000 tons a day. This winter, though, even that’s not enough.
“We have been working 24/7 for several months now,” says Harold Mayo, manager at the Hutchinson Salt Company.
This winter’s relentless snowstorms have depleted stockpiles and pushed the salt industry to its limit, he says.
He gets calls from people who found the mine on the Internet, hoping they have salt. He tells them no.
“Regardless of price, we just don’t have it,” he says.
Every chunk of salt coming off the conveyor belt is already committed and shipped shortly after it reaches the surface.
Outside the mine, trucks wait to load the product, sitting idle for hours or sometimes even overnight. As a result, logistical bottlenecks drive up shipping prices. The bitter cold has also frozen major rivers and lakes, blocking barge traffic.
The price of salt delivered to Chicago, for example, has jumped as much as fivefold. Earlier in the year a ton of rock salt would run you $50. Now, it can cost $250 or more, according to Tom Breier, who runs the distributor Ice Melt Chicago. Supply is tight and demand surges every time there’s another big storm.
Over in New Jersey, Public Works Director Chris Coke says he’s used up most of his salt and can’t treat the his city’s hilly streets effectively. In the meantime, he’s working with the police department to keep people off the roads when conditions are bad.
“Our salt supply is extremely low,” he says. “Dangerously low, actually.”
But, the salt shortage isn’t spread evenly. Kansas City, Mo., is selling to other cities, even the state. Mayor Sly James says the proceeds will help cover his city’s snow removal bill.
“People are calling us to buy our salt,” says James. “So we are able to offset some of the budgetary issues by selling the excess that we have.”
With all this grief, why don’t cities buy more salt in the summer when it’s cheap? Because it has to be kept inside to avoid runoff and most local governments don’t have room to house enough salt for a crazy winter like this one. Also, salt solidifies and gets tough to handle if it sits around too long.
Back in Wichita, at least, the situation may be easing. The city is finally getting some of the salt it ordered two months ago from the mine in Hutchinson. And the forecast there calls for warmer weather, possibly ushering in the new season of potholes.
